Abstract: In order to study the influence of coal dust concentration, particle size and ignition energy to coal dust explosion gas and solid residue composition characteristics，using 20 L spherical explosive device to carry out coal dust explosion experiment， collect and analyze the residues. Research shows that with the increase of coal dust concentration, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 and C3H8 volume fraction increases, CO2 first increases then decreases, solid residues volatile and fixed carbon content increase, the ash content reduce. When coal dust concentration is 100 g/m3, the particle size of 48 ~ 75 ?m coal dust explosion residual gas CO, CO2, H2 and CH4 volume fraction reaches maximum, when coal dust concentration is 400 g/m3, CO, CO2, H2, CH4 volume fraction increase with the decrease of coal dust particle size, solid residues volatile content decreases with the decrease of the coal particle size, ash content increases gradually. Increasing the ignition energy, gas residue of CO, H2, CH4, C2H6 and C3H8 increases, solid residues volatile and fixed carbon content decrease, the ash content increases.